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Geography

Geographical situation

Mátra - A Mátra látképe Mátraderecske üdülőtelepérőlThe Mátra Mountains are part of the Northern Mountain Range and belong by origin to the largest young volcanic zone of Europe. They are situated between the valleys of River Tarna and River Zagyva. Although this mountain range is not of the largest area, the two highest peaks of the country can be found here: Kékes rises to 1014 metres and Galyatetõ to 964 metres.

Geological past

Mátra - Kőfolyás a Pince útonThe formation of the Mátra is a consequence of several phases of volcanic activity, which lasted for several million years with long intervals. The volcanic activities of the first phase are connected to the beginning of the Tertiary period (Eocene), and their relicts can be found on the northern edge of the mountain range. (The mineral resources of Recsk are copper, lead, silver and gold.

Mineral resources of the Mátra Mountains

During the volcanic post-activities in the Mátra Mountains, minerogenesis took place to a considerable extent within the fissures and crevices that were formed in the volcanic rocks in the course of sudden chilling. Mining for ore in the vicinity of Gyöngyösoroszi and in Recsk were of international significance. [V]A large amount of copper[/V], pyrite, calcite, haematite, gypsum, gold and silver was found in the area of Recsk and Sirok, pyrite in Mátraszentimre, chalcopyrite and calcite in Parádsasvár, chalcedony in Mátrakeresztes, aragonite in the vicinity of Kisnána, opal in Mátrafüred, and cinnabar, antimony glance (stibnite), haematite and barite in Gyöngyössolymos.

Caves of the Mátra Mountains

Mátra - Remete-barlangPyroxene-andesite that constitutes the Mátra was not favourable to the formation of caves. Due to tectonic movements, however, smaller cavities evolved, the largest of which is [I]Csörgõ-lyuk[/I] (Rattling-hole) near Ágasvár. The formation of this cave was a result of faults.

Fossils of the Mátra Mountains

The volcanic structure of the Mátra was not favourable to the preservation of fossils, on the peripheries, however, one can find impressive remains both in the area of the diatomite mine in Szurdokpüspöki and further away, in the vicinity of Mátraszolos. The site of fossils deposited on the southern foot of the mountains is less spectacular but rather significant (the vicinity of Rózsaszentmárton and Visonta). The preserved fossils, remains of plants, nummulites, remains of shells and snails and imprints of fish prove that there used to be a warm sea with lagoons here.

Soil of the Mátra Mountains

In the Mátra, there are brown forest soils, adequate with the bedrock, formed on andesite. On areas at the foot of the mountains, chernozem-brown soil alternates with brown earth. At higher altitudes, these are succeeded by clay-inwashed brown forest soil that can become podsolised to varying degrees.

Waters of the Mátra Mountains

Mátra - Csatorna-patakThe Mátra is relatively rich in water. The springs and their water discharge depend on the geological structure of the mountains and the given conditions of precipitation. The stratovolcanic makeup of the mountain range and the low permeability of andesite that constitutes its main mass help precipitation come to the surface in the form of springs.

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